Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses algebraic techniques to study topological spaces. It involves the study of certain algebraic structures associated with topological spaces, such as groups, rings, and other mathematical objects. Algebraic topology seeks to understand the fundamental properties of topological spaces, such as connectivity, compactness, and dimensionality, by analyzing their algebraic structures and transformations. It plays a crucial role in understanding the shape and structure of spaces, and has applications in various fields such as physics, engineering, and computer science.